Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease emerged in Nepal in the form of Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). The earliest cases were detected as early as 2005. The sporadic cases continued and outbreaks occurred in 2006 and 2010. Initially most of the reported cases had travel history to neighbouring country (India), however lately indigenous cases were also reported. Studies carried out in close collaboration of WARUN/AFRIMS in the year 2006 by EDCD/NPHL showed all 4 sub-types (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) of Dengue virus circulation in Nepal. In 2012, a total of 183 confirmed dengue cases were reported. More than forty percent (n=77) of these cases were from Jhapa district alone, where an outbreak was reported from Mechinagar municipality and Dhulabari VDC. Of these 77 cases in Jhapa, 62% were male, and majority of all infected people were adults. Three severe cases were reported from Jhapa but no deaths were reported.
Jan 1
Flooding in the rural districts of Bagmati Province creates the classic postdisaster conditions for communicable disease transmission: contamination of drinking-water sources, destruction of latrines, displacement of populations into crowded temporary shelters, interruption of health services and cold chain, expansion of vector breeding habitat, and loss of livestock with associated zoonotic exposure. Floods do not import new pathogens; they amplify the pathogens already endemic in the area. Preparedness must therefore be built on what is known to circulate in Bagmati Province — including the enteric pathogens Vibrio cholerae O1, Salmonella Typhi and hepatitis A and E viruses, together with dengue virus, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Leptospira species, Japanese encephalitis virus, measles virus, and residual foci of malaria and visceral leishmaniasis. Two operational realities shape this plan. First, the interval between exposure and detectable clusters is short for enteric disease (2–14 days) and long for vector-borne and leptospiral disease (2–8 weeks), so surveillance intensity must be sustained well beyond the point at which media and political attention recede. Second, the routine surveillance system will be degraded exactly when it is most needed, because reporting health facilities may be damaged, staff displaced and connectivity lost. Apparent declines in reported cases in the first weeks after a flood are more often artefacts of reporting failure than evidence of control.
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Jan 1
Acute Gastro Enteritis was the highest reported condition, accounting for 721 cases.
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Jan 1
Acute Gastro Enteritis was the highest reported condition, accounting for 667 cases.
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